The contraction "doesn't" is a short form of "does not," commonly used in English to make negative statements in the present simple tense.
The word doesn't translates to ne ... pas in French, which is the typical way of forming negations in French sentences. The auxiliary does is absorbed into the structure of the verb conjugation in French, so the negative form relies on ne and pas surrounding the verb.
Author's summary:
The term "doesn't" in English forms negative present tense sentences and corresponds to "ne ... pas" in French, as illustrated in the example about infrequent snow.